The Glyoxalase System Is a Novel Cargo of Amniotic Fluid Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

The Glyoxalase System Is a Novel Cargo of Amniotic Fluid Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous cellular metabolic pathway whose main physiological role is the removal of methylglyoxal (MG).MG, a glycolysis byproduct formed by the spontaneous degradation of triosephosphates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P) and dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP), is an arginine-directed glycating agent and precursor of the major advanced glycation end product arginine-derived, hydroimidazolone (MG-H1).Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of lipid-bilayer-vesicular structures released by virtually all living cells, involved in cell-to-cell communication, specifically by transporting biomolecules to recipient cells, driving distinct biological responses.

Emerging evidence suggests that included in the EVs cargo there are different rogue st pro 3 iron metabolic enzymes.Specifically, recent research has pointed out that EVs derived from human amniotic fluid stem cell (HASC-EVs) contain glycolytic pay-off phase enzymes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).Since GAPDH catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis using as a substrate GA3P, from which MG spontaneously origins, we wanted to investigate whether MG-derived MG-H1, as well as glyoxalases, could be novel molecule cargo in these EVs.

By using immunoassays pbr keg and spectrophotometric methods, we found, for the first time ever, that HASC-EVs contain functional glyoxalases and MG-H1, pioneering research to novel and exciting roles of these eclectic proteins, bringing them to the limelight once more.